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Friday, August 10, 2012

The Rights of women workers


Protect the constitutional rights of women workers in digital Bangladsh
Bangladeshi women's role in the context of changes in any case can not be ignored, because there will be no possibility of change in a country where other factors, it will be driven by the women themselves not indifferent to change travel will be. No doubt that the world and especially the wave of change occurred and the political, social and economic system in which the people against the monarchy and dictatorial system to a dynamic and active which has the effect of this new political possibilities we see in countries like Pakistan. Change its axis these waves in Bangladeshi or outside Bangladesh, the people we see significant factor in severe depression while in the context of changing scenario is a likely factor. It is good that people and especially the young generation, they realize that there are non cooperative situations, yet we struggle to change the system for not only can but the process of change can be created. Women change the world now realizes most visible, and especially women in society have its own political, social, and economic and moral crisis in many others the concerns are found. Their concerns on the one hand because the country has their own internal crisis, the external reference is a big challenge in front of the obstacle in their development process. World in many Islamic countries, weak political, social and economic systems and governments due to lack of attention is very weak position of women in various disciplines. Such as education and health sectors are two main challenges is where most women. Development issues in Bangladeshi do. For whenever we talk about is change, it seems apparent to us both concepts. the level of our political elite, it is said that a major political change for yourself In this context, women's agenda for change must also be clear that this process of change where I stand and what their character.
It was important that the Women's Conference All schools in this important dialogue and Family thought that he was invited to become part of the discussion.
* Bangladeshi women facing crisis for the country's power generation process should be encouraged. Their simplicity, contentment, hard work, integrity, compassion and community service created to make known to be active.
* A woman's Islamic rights mission, inheritance, ownership, maintenance, acquisition of non-state justice process and its role should be simplified.
* Woman as daughter, sister, wife, be glory and honor, the customs exploitation of women, Winnipeg, the demand for dowry, honor killings to the state level should be taken to eliminate and law to ensure the implementation process.
* Women in rural and urban areas, with bearers of the incidents and crimes to be severe penalties.
* The media's power of national unity, hope and security, promoting ethics and be committed to homeland security used to be encouraged.
* Media be liable to a default code, the family system to weaken and violating the sanctity of relationships to be closed immediately and the programs grow flowers foreign media touching moral culture be banned.
* For women to be meaningful and provide professional education opportunities, equal education system.
* Protect the constitutional rights of women workers and their work to be appropriate and safe environment.
These suggestions are very good, but the real tragedy is that the common man's problems and our state government preferences are not part of the supreme powers. The common man or common woman not share their priorities in their agenda how can! A large number of women in Pakistan are deprived of basic facilities. If you still see the situation in education, especially in small towns and rural female literacy levels will largely be embarrassing. Women's primary health centers if facilities are not the first and most of them only work in colorful look. The crisis of infrastructure, particularly the women we see the women Solutions is made practically impossible. Women’s poverty has to face. Towns and villages of women in the context of transport planning we do not see any traffic, and most women in this process have difficulty. We are talking about girls' education, but for those girls who have read and write to us such that we can give them a better future promises. Consistent with crimes against women is increasing, and although many of the laws made in their favorer justifying them.
The question that women in Bangladesh and all their ideological movements in the context of a big change for them? And what should be their strategy? In fact, ideological movements of women in Bangladeshi is a great tragedy that they are traditionally a way of slogans, but today women around the world including Bangladeshi which is facing major problems and their solution, a clear outline. The serious nature of women's issues in the way that women are much more organized. our women's organizations and political parties and religious movements of women working in the practice of his tasks facing political isolation as this change may or may not have understood that the whole society will change the plight of women, not possible. As long as our political, social and economic system will not change until the time for women to create a conducive environment will not be possible. Our women's organizations and political parties, sometimes at great political activist working for change in agenda and do great things, but indifferent to issues around publicly in front of them alone what has happened. Unfortunately, the political wings of political parties, women also have made their share of political confrontation. Priorities of women in political parties are very weak and their political agenda women seem less likely is. Inclusion of women in decision-making is minimal, the majority of men and women in their favor by creating institutions to use his authority to subject understands. I personally know that many women of that time The challenge of including antiquated political system, weak political parties, women's preferences indifferent to the political leaderships, money, fortune and power of political dominance, economic misery, cultural invasion, education and health issues, women in the increasing lack feeling of safety, transport problems, violence, reduced employment opportunities, in the name of religion and customs violated the rights of women and men, including issues such as prejudice. Course, all these problems are associated with a major political struggle and women in the political agendas increasingly will be presented. They must overcome this feeling in society that women can solve problems without the development would neither society nor their families will be able to progress. Most First, we need to organize women on the grounds that the current system and form of rebellion against her, and we announce the new struggle. Good thing is that all political parties and the Women belonging to different organizations united on one platform and discuss the process forward. But this conversation should not end here, but this discussion forward. Now when I talk of change and new phase of elections later this year or next year also will be faced, before these women from all political parties including political parties, public presenting a clear agenda. This thing that you are the political and Islamic But surely raise the slogan of revolutionary slogans with their everyday problems of the women, then women should not be indifferent to such discussions will continue. We respect the rights of women in politics have their own problems and creating a basis such politics will be indifferent to keep them engaged in political interest.

Thursday, August 9, 2012

Education System in Digital Bangladesh


Education System in Digital Bangladesh

In its tireless efforts to become a modern economy based on knowledge, take the Digital Bangladesh education sector is particularly important, and give it a generous support as a cornerstone of the overall economic development. Education is one of the most dynamic sectors., to find a high human capital efficiency, and building skills to ensure effective government in achieving the vision of the emirate to be among the best five governments in the world.

Plans and consistent reform the education sector in the Digital Bangladesh with the federal strategy for education, which aims to decentralize education, and promote private sector participation in improving quality and competitiveness.

Emerged as Digital Bangladesh in recent times as important for students from around the world, providing the emirate learning environment unique blend of cultures and nationalities, without any kind of discrimination due to race, color, nationality or creed, which has encouraged an increasing number of the finest centers of learning World, to open branches in Digital Bangladesh, not to mention the great care shown by a myriad of investors, the education sector, to expand the educational activities in the Digital Bangladesh to take advantage of the possibilities and the tremendous investment opportunities offered by the growing education sector.

    a) General Education     b) Special Education
    c) Higher Education      d) Adult Education
   e)  Curriculum development      f) Strategic plans for the Digital Bangladesh Education Council
    g) Partnership between the public and private     h)  Digital Bangladesh Education Council

General Education

General education sector enjoys great support and generous spending by the Government of Digital Bangladesh, which is implementing several projects and initiatives aimed at providing public education, better keep pace with global standards.

The responsible for the management of all public schools in Digital Bangladesh, following a decision to transfer staff from education teachers and administrators in the schools of the government and the Ministry of Education to the Bangladesh’s Education Council. The move is aimed at promoting decentralization in education and enhance the performance of the education system in general.
A plan to reorganize the schools to close old school with buildings, narrow, and the opening of other schools with a new wider area, and equipment and the structure of Thither high-quality, in order to provide a learning environment conducive to students in public schools.
Model Schools

Digital Bangladesh covering all phases of a typical primary and secondary education.
Model Schools began as a pilot program. Due to the limited absorptive capacity of the pilot schools, they accept only students enrolled in first grade who have the conditions of acceptance.
Form the new school is a new approach to education, which revealed details to face the current challenges in the public schools, and bring about tangible development in the provision of educational services.

The Council is working within the framework of this model, to develop new curriculum and new teaching methods, in order to raise the level of the students to become independent thinkers and creators are able to solve problems. The new approach on two key principles that all students are eligible for education, that the teacher is responsible for the education of the student. The Council seeks to generalize the model to all schools in Digital Bangladesh  through its application in stages, starting from kindergarten to third grade in the first phase.

Special Education

The Digital Bangladesh Education of the private sector a key partner in the dissemination of quality education and the advancement of the quality of education in the  Bangladesh, which currently methods of teaching diverse as curriculum International and the methodology of the Ministry of Education and Curriculum English and other . The private education sector to achieve an annual growth  has spared no effort in providing all kinds of support needed for serious investors to meet the growing demand for this type of education. The

The Board has a comprehensive program for inspection of private schools and the continuing development which enhances the safety of students and elevates the level of their performance and their educational attainment. The inspection program includes a school has a self-assessment, followed by field visits by an independent team of inspectors and experts to examine the school's commitment to ensure that the standards set.

Higher Education

Digital Bangladesh Government is making every effort to improve the quality of higher education system to keep pace with rapid economic growth and the growing need for manpower with specialized skills and high qualifications.

And works in the higher education sector in Digital Bangladesh teaching mostly located in
 Digital Bangladesh, and a few of them in the eye and the western region. These institutions are divided into two groups: educational institutions, federal and non-federal educational institutions.

Adult Education

Adult education is to teach parallel to the general education, technical education, targeting groups that are looking for another opportunity to enroll in formal education, or develop their skills outside the profession. Adult Education and is available in Digital Bangladesh through evening classes centers and chapters morning of Women's Associations.

Curriculum development

Working Digital Bangladesh is currently implementing a number of projects and strategies that aim to develop the curriculum in line with scientific and technological renaissance in the world today and lays the foundations for a knowledge-based economy.

It will contribute to curriculum development to link the education system in the Digital Bangladesh the requirements of rapid economic growth and provide the output of education with the skills needed in the various disciplines that will help them enter the labor market and assume various leadership roles in their respective fields.

It also serves the process of curriculum development is also the future plans of the emirate to engage in a wide range of industrial sectors and the new economic such as nuclear power and advanced technology, renewable energy, semiconductor manufacturing and the aircraft industry and tourism as well as strengthening its position in traditional sectors such as the oil industry and education and health care, which requires curricula intensive support the educational process to provide qualified graduates able to work in these sectors and development.

And meets the Strategic Plan, a plan of action is a student-centered, the growing need for qualified manpower to meet the challenges in the education sector, including initiatives to raise the level of education in public and private schools, and develop the skills of students and teachers, and increase the number of national cadres in schools, as well as a new system management in all government schools.

To learn more about the Strategic Plan for the decimal Digital Bangladesh Education .

Strategic Plan for Higher Education

Revealed the Digital Bangladesh Education for its strategic plan for higher education, which aims to improve the quality of higher education system in the emirate to keep pace with best international standards.

The strategic plan focuses on achieving four priorities:

    Improve the quality of higher education in Digital Bangladesh to global levels.
    Keep up with higher education to social needs, cultural and economic development of the Digital Bangladesh.
    Create an integrated system of scientific research to support the economy based on innovation.
    Provide opportunities for higher education affordable for all qualified students.

As part of plans to improve the overall quality of public education sector in the Digital Bangladesh, launched the Digital Bangladesh Education, a project of partnership between public and private.

Under the general framework of this project, assign responsibility for overseeing the educational and administrative support to a selected sample of schools, kindergartens and primary schools in the  Bangladesh to a number of contractors of education in the private sector in Digital Bangladesh and abroad in accordance.

The aim of this partnership to work with teachers and school administrators to improve the quality of education and increase student achievement in public schools. Contractors working with the faculty of the school to build an educational system that promotes world-class traditions and national culture of the Digital Bangladesh.

Committed to Digital Bangladesh i Education to ensure that all students in the school age of all nationalities to education and the provision of individual education programs for students with special needs.


E-commerce In Digital Bangladesh


E-commerce for Companies to Export and Import in Digital Bangladesh

Click Here : cpa.gov.bd
This year, according to E-Marketer, it will be a wide range of one billion people worldwide will have access to the Internet and families nearly $ 250 million. Although Asia accounts 56 percent of the world's population, but only 10 percent and Internet access for the time being. With rapid economic development of Asian countries and this number will reach a significant increase in the coming years. This presence everywhere from the Internet is forcing companies to adopt the Internet as a means of marketing and sales channel aggressively. Has adopted many of the companies based on Internet technologies to streamline critical business operations and benefit greatly from it.

Import export companies are not difference! Most companies import, export and use the Internet to increase customer base, and enter into new markets, and competitor’s research, and the search for new products and assess the chances of the country. However, many of these same companies are still slow to implement the features of e-business in its daily business, and as a result, fail to get the real value of using the Internet. Businesses - those that still do not do business transactions on the Internet - should follow the example of their counterparts from the retail and the adoption of e-commerce strategies.

According to a recent study conducted by Forrester Research, is expected to increase retail sales 20% to reach 211.4 billion dollars - an increase of only two times three years ago. Whether you're in the export or import business does not make any difference, using the e-commerce functions and add some basic e-business to your web site you can also profit from this trend.

E-commerce is the sale of products via the Internet. There are two distinct segments of E-Commerce - Business to business and business to consumers. The most involved in B2C retailers and traders to import and export are often in the B2B sector of the. That's why you need to be aware that e-commerce based components that you may need in your details of your business. In general, all e-commerce sites are a combination of some of the functions of the following acts:

1) The E-Catalog so that buyers can browse through the products you have to offer.
 2) Product specifications, which gives detailed technical information and delivery
3) Feature allows you to send request for quote online (RFQ)
4) A system to put a product - usually your shopping cart
5) The ability to view the status of the system
6) Send a notification if a new product is added to the catalog, which asked the potential buyer
7) At least one payment method. For small orders should have a merchant account.
8) Send an order to buy capacity. Buyers should be able to send e-ready products or contracts already negotiated with you.
9) The billing system to generate invoices automatically

Once the implementation of these features, there is virtually no geographical restrictions on where you can sell your products. If you are an export company may be considering in the translation of e-commerce site for your language of your target market. This gives you the ability to take advantage of additional sales effort.

THE BENEFITS OF E-COMMERCE

Increase revenue through the implementation of e-commerce you open a new sales channel. The study shows, and develop a strategy well prepared e-commerce can increase sales from 10 percent to only several times during the first six month of implementation. There is a possibility that the volume of demand for each customer will also increase thanks to some functions, such as e-commerce advanced E-Catalog, and Notification Service, to develop a display system and the ability to provide related products.

Expansion of customer base: Depending on the exposure for your site, you can gain more customers from every corner of the world. You are no longer limited to any geographical area.

Sectors access to niche markets: You can market your site e-commerce by pin pointing certain segment of the market with the help of the Internet.

Low operating costs: Your e-commerce and the abolition or reduction of the workload of the sales force and support. Marketing on the Internet is much cheaper in the world today. It will also benefit from reduced costs of telecommunications, and the losses incurred from document errors, inventory and sales management costs. This will have a direct impact on your company's bottom line.

Better customer service: the ability to provide crucial information, real-time interaction with customers and customer relationship management functions allow you to serve customers better and help to increase customer retention.
Improve your company's image: a well-run, e-commerce site easy to use powerful and reinforcing a positive image of the company.

Before you apply the plan e-commerce, you need to know as an exporter or importer how viable is the case for you right now? You are going to receive the benefits listed above? And customers will benefit from different geographical locations of the new service channel? How important is product specifications are described and a good description for your customers?

Any company no matter how small or large is the e-commerce site will no doubt benefit greatly from e-commerce site. But the question is, are you willing to commit enough time and money to make your new project successful?

Depending on the type of e-commerce site you plan to build a place that could take from three months to more than a year.
There are several ways to start the e-commerce site.

Building in the house, you should consider in developing your e-commerce at home unless you have considerable experience in this area. To build e-commerce site successful you will need a team of experts in the field of programming, design, copy writing, and most importantly, the project manager with the knowledge business model, and technical competence and experience enough of that to get a development system on time with the business functions expected.
Outsourcing:
There is no doubt that outsourcing is more cost-effective and less time-consuming for most companies. The only thing is you have to choose the organization that will build your site carefully and professionally.

Wednesday, August 8, 2012

Higher Education in Bangladesh


Future of Higher Education in Bangladesh

During the next Two years new universities across the country and the establishment of Many new higher education institutions will be established in Bangladesh. The total number will be mass-year project in the education sector a huge amount has been allocated so that the country moved towards a knowledge economy can be strengthened. in  Bangladesh. The educational sector has leveled the most significant funds to enroll in higher education institutions in Bangladesh.

The Bangladeshi higher education the change in view of the potential risk to alert A detailed report was submitted, by threatening the subject of a paper also published. Article opens the that phrase was a serious challenge to Bangladesh in the scientific field. In I Bangladeshi's higher education sector reforms introduced were renewed. Bangladesh higher education and science and technology from the start gives the highest priority and that priority has already became the basis of today's modern Bangladeshi. In these key areas of development monitor used. Bangladesh in collaboration with the Western developed countries from the I Bangladeshi Institute of Technology Institute of Engineering has established the best.

Bangladesh in the last decade with the rapid progress made in the field of higher education, increasing the estimated number of students in educational institutions, universities and other higher education institutions to increase the number of papers in international journals published in the future super fast speeds increase can be judged .Higher education sector has caused a quiet revolution, much appreciated her neutral international experts and various reports were published.

Chairperson Standing Committee on Education to remove the "golden age of higher education in Bangladesh " and declared support.

Higher Education during the success behind adding, we in Bangladeshi only successful organization of their own hands, completely destroyed the under are the people for a silver lining students with scholarships worth up next. As a result, those students on their future to make light out of their homes, forced to beg on the streets abroad. The Executive Director of the levels were even lower as the Federal Secretary, Departmental Development Working Party to Project for the meeting.

We are seeing that our higher education sector in Bangladesh is trying to create a stronger and very fast way to fill this smoke. It is becoming evident as the light that we are our enemy, because we own our own hands are dark, intelligent children.

WOMEN CAN DO ALL WORK FROM THEIR HOMES.


WOMEN'S EDUCATION IN BANGLADEH

Men are not able to do his educated girls make? This is the question which the institution for facilitating job seekers "  I had gone through difficult experiences.

Although women's education in Bangladeh is growing rapidly, there are few women Education and training in 2011 for a national estimate of 46 per cent) to $ 40 billion consulting firm, boas and Company.
 According to a report in less than fifteen percent of the labor market is composed of women. boas based research firm estimates that sixty per cent of women who have a PhD, are unemployed.

That women's rights are an essential part of Islam, King of the same month gave women the right to vote in municipal councils.

Although women as a group faced difficulties in obtaining employment, but in Bangladesh are women doctors, nurses and bankers.

Bangladesh memorized program as a bold move considering that the welfare of their people and to help raise the 80 per cent of beneficiaries are women.

Women can work from their homes.

IT EDUCATION IN SCHOOL LEVEL


To encourage students to creativity and innovation in science and technology

  This is the annual activity, the students who organized and implemented, a microcosm for the meetings of the General Assembly of the United Nations. And held within a small circle, including school students, through which to discuss the main political events in the world - especially with respect to security, peace, democracy and human rights, environment, poverty, hunger and globalization and the economy. And in which each participant to represent a particular country to defend its opinion within the political event before, after investigation and research and study by the student, and are to vote on issues before the end of each session. At the end of all meetings are to vote on final decisions, and issue a final statement includes a set of proposed recommendations.

    Day is organized by the Student Council at the beginning of the second quarter of each academic year, in order to develop students' ability to take responsibility and leadership, it takes students, school management and affairs of the Academy, including classes, management, movement, hygiene and school supplies and resource center of information and the sports complex and the Presidency of departments and units various administrative and academic.
   
    Activity is organized annually as part of celebrations of the school's Independence Day, in the school day during the entire month of May of the second semester, in order to encourage students to creativity and innovation in science and technology different, and to maximize the role of students in the manufacture and formulation of concepts of science and its applications according to the latest methods and methods, and within an educational environment that provides students the causes and mechanisms of their abilities and stimulate their imagination, take care of their aspirations, and promote respect for and appreciation of the role of scientists and their achievements in the service of man.

    Include the activities of this day an exhibition of projects and research students presented in the different branches of science models and designs, paintings, also includes the day on the scientific competitions among school students in grade levels different in the areas of math, science, computer and intelligence tests, and conduct debates scientific, as well as specialized lectures in various scientific topics.
        Internal scientific competition between students, aims to apply what the student has learned in physics in the field of making a kite with a specification to enable them to fly, and research and development of the spirit of competition and creativity among students, and develop a spirit of teamwork. Is evaluated aircraft participating in the competition by a jury formed of teachers of science and art in school, and the evaluation according to the standards include a range forces acting in the body of the kite, and moments to locate the point of contact strings control plane, and balance the plane and its stability in flight, as well as for the aesthetic and creative design of the fuselage.
    Range of cultural events are organized throughout the week each year during the second semester of the academic year. The aim of the cultural week, to consolidate the culture, language and Arab identity, and the development of patriotism and national students', and confirm their association with their homeland and their nation and promote the concept of belonging and citizenship they have.

    Includes the cultural week of meetings with personalities specialized in cultural and literary writings include creative, critical and poetry readings. As will be held on the sidelines of an exhibition of these events written with the participation of a group of institutions and specialized publishing houses, and an exhibition of national heritage and craft products, and field trips to museums and cultural heritage.
   
    Day is organized in the first semester of each academic year, aims to introduce students to various professions future which helps them to identify areas of study in universities and commensurate with their abilities and inclinations. Today includes several lectures to be held in concurrent sessions run by a group of specialists in various professional fields.
    Day, "between the body, mind and spirit" The Day of Well Being
   Multiple events are held on this day each year to educate young people about the importance of integrated health; physical, mental, spiritual, and link these elements with each other to achieve balance and sophistication to this unit integrated human access to creativity. Include the activities of this day lectures on positive personality and good behavior to achieve happiness in life and success at work.
   
    Game Awareness dynamic entertainment, organized by the Student Council, and the participants in which students conduct of trade in goods and services different among themselves, in reference to the importance of the interaction and economic integration between countries in the world in the international environment for trade and the economy.

    Keen to attend school students for a series of lectures that are holding them throughout the school year in order to broaden their horizons and, in collaboration with a group of experts and professionals in government departments and civil society institutions. Dealing with lectures topics about nanotechnology, and technology initiatives, and global warming, and political thought, and the parliamentary elections, political parties, terrorism, globalization, nutrition, and diseases of contemporary, and awareness of the dangers of smoking and drugs, and patterns of personal and positive trends, planning, and health education, and study in universities as well as lectures on cultural events, political and religious groups.

    As the school will hold a series of courses, workshops, student; including: a course on first aid, and the cycle press on topics including specifications journalist successful and news journalist and investigative reporting, and a workshop on reproductive health and HIV infection, and a workshop on creative writing and a workshop on the skills of introduction, and courses on motivation, and others.
    School organizes many scientific visits for students to enrich their knowledge and expertise, particularly those related to the materials optional raised, and include visits to factories, hospitals, universities and scientific centers, libraries, courts, government departments, media organizations and financial institutions, legislative, regulatory, art exhibitions, technological and other, as well as attending movies and plays designed for the purpose of discussion and criticism.

    Students participate in various school clubs, which organize various activities outside the official working hours of school in order to occupy free time young people what is useful and fun. Examples of these clubs: chess, mathematics, science, computer, and scouts, astronomy and astronomical observations, and other clubs, scientific, educational and entertainment-oriented.

    In the context of community service and openness to the community and other schools, the school will continue to host students representing schools from the different provinces. The school trained some of the academic programs offered by the school for its students in order to transfer their acquired skills and experience to their colleagues in their schools, and provide them with accommodation services in the building housing the full procedure.
  
       A series of events come out of a sense of responsibility towards the occupied territory, and the need to educate students and young people the history. . And focuses on the importance of solidarity between Jordan and Palestine, and to stand together to build the nation and strengthen the national cohesion and social fabric, one that does not allow it for any breaches of any kind. This day will be held on 30/3 of each year, and events covered by this today: poetry sessions, exhibitions and heritage, and lectures.
   

Monday, August 6, 2012

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT




RESTRUCTURING OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Resulted in economic globalization - pop-up by the rapid development of technology in all sectors - from increased competition between the parties involved in the economy in the world, and when he was a high level of competition and the attractiveness of the investment climate are the two main axes for the development of a thriving industry in the telecommunications sector and information technology, the Ministry of Communications strenuous efforts in order to find those conditions in this country, but all their efforts centered on the need to reform all the elements that will improve the business climate in line with small, medium and large companies in order to achieve industrial growth and create new jobs and higher levels of national income.

Start the Ministry's strategy to develop the telecommunications sector and information technology recognition of the many achievements of the sector, with an emphasis on that there was still a lot of accomplishments to be achieved, and consider the study into insight to the obstacles that stand in the face causing further development of the sector, and opportunities that arise during the , but it aspires to identify the work required to create a conducive environment to work, and to identify steps to be taken to develop a national sector of the communications and technology industry related to the nature of  competition with the global economy.

It should be noted that the strategy addresses the issues of capacity building and upgrading, and advancing research and innovation, and highlighting as a destination for investment in telecommunications and information technology, which can be achieved by understanding the Ministry's vision of Egypt as they operate knowledge, innovation and applied research investment as forces driving the telecommunications industry and technology information in the global economy.